1.What beliefs did the Sophists challenge? They didn't believe that gods and
goddesses influenced behavior or absolute moral and legal standards. But that
"man is the measure of all things" and truth is different to each
individual. 2.What was Socrates accused of doing? What did he say in defense? He
was accused of "corrupting the young" and "not worshipping the
gods worshipped by the state". He said " A man who is good for
anything ought not to calculate the chance of living of dying: he ought only to
consider whether…he is doing right or wrong." 3.What did Plato say about
democracy? Why? He preferred the government of Sparta. He believed that each
person should pay service to the community above personal goals. And that when
people have too much freedom it causes social disorder. And also people should
do what they're best suited to do. 4.What were Aristotle's views on political
science? He did not theorize about idealized principals of science but instead
he analyzed their political structures. He analyzed everything about them
finding out the ups and downs and only then did he make a conclusion. 5.What is
natural law? A universal moral law that , like physics, can be understood by
applying reason. 6.What were Hobbes views on government? He believed that people
should sign a contract that gives up their freedoms and live obediently under a
ruler. They would be protected under a Monarch who would protect them by keeping
their world peaceful and safe. 7.What were Locke's views on government? He
believed that government was based on a contract and that it is necessary to
establish order. He also believed that people in a state of nature are
reasonable and moral, and that they have the natural rights to life, liberty and
property. He also believed that people should have the right to break the
contract if they feel that the government is treating them unfairly or that
their rights are being violated. 8.What were Montesqueiu's views on government?
He had a liking to English government and promoted the idea of separating
governmental powers. He believed that power should be equally divided among the
branches of government: the legislative branch, which made the laws; the
executive branch, which enforced them; and the judicial branch, which
interpreted the laws and judged to see if they were violated. He also believed
strongly in the rights of individuals, and fought hard to enforce that.