Bardeen, John 1908-91, American physicist; b. Madison, Wis. He was known for his
studies of semiconductivity and other aspects of SOLID-STATE PHYSICS. The first
to win a Nobel Prize twice in the same field, Bardeen shared the 1956 physics
prize with Walter Brattain and William Shockley, for work in developing the
TRANSISTOR, and the 1972 physics prize with Leon Cooper and John Schreiffer, for
their theory of SUPERCONDUCTIVITY. Bardeen, John (1908-1991), American physicist
born in Madison, Wisconsin. Working at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, Bardeen
was a member of the team that developed the transistor. For this work, he shared
the 1956 Nobel Prize in physics with American physicists William Shockley and
Walter H. Brattain. In 1972 he shared the Nobel Prize in physics with American
physicists Leon N. Cooper and John R. Schrieffer for the development of a theory
to explain superconductivity. He was the first scientist to win two Nobel Prizes
in the same category.