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Astronomy coursework, term papers on Astronomy, Astronomy essays
our solar system today there are over 30 000 asteroids flying around in all
directions colliding with other asteroids and planets not caring about the
destruction they might convey. Our planet Earth is caught right in the middle of
all of this action and is liable to entire extinction of any life forms on the
planet if a large enough asteroid crosses its path. Any one single asteroid has
the poss... Full-text essay
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It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will
end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to
find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State.
However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best
explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about
15 to 20 bil... Full-text essay
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It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will
end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to
find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State.
However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best
explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about
15 to 20 bil... Full-text essay
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Black holes are objects so dense that not even light can escape their gravity,
and since nothing can travel faster than light, nothing can escape from inside a
black hole . Loosely speaking, a black hole is a region of space that has so
much mass concentrated in it that there is no way for a nearby object to escape
its gravitational pull. Since our best theory of gravity at the moment is
Einstein'... Full-text essay
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Black holes are one of the more bizarre and intriguing predictions of Einstein's
theory of gravity. Surprisingly, there is now a great deal of observational
evidence that black holes do exist, both in binary star systems and at the
center of most galaxies, including our own. Although we are gaining more
knowledge of black holes, they still remain one of the strangest things anyone
has ever heard o... Full-text essay
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Within our galaxy alone, there are millions upon millions of stars. Within our
universe, there are millions upon millions of galaxies. Humans have known the
existence of stars since they have had eyes. Although interpretations may have
differed on what they were, they were always thought of as white glowing specks
in the sky, but the mystery does not lie within what we can see, but what we can
not... Full-text essay
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The first written records of comets date back to nearly 3,000 years ago from
China and Europe. The accounts of these comets were believed to be the causes of
terrible events that occurred afterwards. In more recent times, however,
astronomers have found out what they really are. A comet is basically a mixture
of ices, from both water and frozen gases, and dust. They have also been given
the names ... Full-text essay
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Comets have fascinated people for millions of years, but until 1994 no one had
ever had the chance to witness firsthand the destructive power of these
wanderers. From July 16 to 22, fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 smashed into
Jupiter, creating a series of fireballs in the giant planet's atmosphere. The
string of explosions was awesome, yet the discovery that comets can wreak havoc
would not h... Full-text essay
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The universe is a shooting gallery and earth is the bullseye. The earth is
always under threat of a doomesday asteroid that will wipe out civilization.
There are over one thousand asteroids traveling toward earth and only three
quarters are accounted for. Where are the other one forth? No one knows because
the government doesn't fund NASA astrologists enough to cover the astroids. Just
one im... Full-text essay
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In Space: Despite its own special conditions,the Earth is in some ways similar
to the other inner planets the group of planets nearer to the sun.Of these
planets,Mercury is the closest to the sun;Venus is second;the Earth is third
;and Mars is fourth.All of these planets, including the Earth,are basically
balls of rock.Mercury is the smallest in size. Its diameter is about two thirds
the greatest ... Full-text essay
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The Earth, man's home, is a planet. The Earth has special characteristics, and
these are important to man. It is the only planet known to have the right
temperature and the right atmosphere to support the kind of environments and
natural resources in which plants and man and other animals can survive. This
fact is so important to man that he has developed a special science called
ecology, which de... Full-text essay
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The Earth is rotating around an axis (called its rotational axis). Some objects
rotate about a horizontal axis, like a rolling log. Some objects, such as a
skater, rotate about a vertical axis. The Earth's axis is tipped over about 23.5°
from vertical. How do we define up and down in space? What would
"vertical" mean? For the Earth, we can think of vertical as straight
up and down with r... Full-text essay
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A hydrogen fuel leak, which could have caused an engine shutdown, costly delays
on the launching pad, and a year of technical difficulties didn’t stop the
successful launch of the $1.5 billion Chandra X-Ray Observatory on the Space
Shuttle Columbia. Nor did it stop Eileen Collins, 42, from becoming NASA’s
first female commander ever after 95 missions. Collins, who has logged over
5,000 hours of ai... Full-text essay
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Earths Beyond Earth: The Search for Other Worlds In early 1990, the first
extrasolar planet was detected, surprising everyone by its strangeness. More
planets have now been discovered outside our solar system than in it. These
planets present many great mysteries to the astronomical world. Extrasolar
planets are planets that exist outside our solar system; they are orbiting a
star other than our S... Full-text essay
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Galileo, Science and the Church, by Jerome J. Langford, are about the trials and
tribulations of Galileo with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1600’s. The
church did not agree with Galileo’s ideas; mainly theories associated with
Copernican astronomy. The primary intention of Langford is to bring the truth of
Galileo’s trials to his readers, and to show that ultimately Galileo was
correct in his t... Full-text essay
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I feel that the motivation of Galileo’s pursuits in Astronomy and stargazing
was driven by his desire to be financially successful. Galileo was an extremely
ambitious and clearly independent individual whose methods of generating
scientific data epitomizes a survival of the fittest like struggle between all
of the prominent scientists of his time. During Galileo's life there was no gray
area of we... Full-text essay
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Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564 in Pisa, Italy. Galileo pioneered
"experimental scientific method," and was the first to use a
refracting telescope to make important astronomical discoveries. In 1604 Galileo
learned of the invention of the telescope in Holland. From the barest
description he constructed a vastly superior model. With it he made a series of
profound discoveri... Full-text essay
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Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Italy. Galileo was the
first of seven children of Vincenzio Galilei, a trader and Giula Ammannati, an
upper-class woman who married below her class. When Galileo was a young boy, his
father moved the family moved to Florence. Galileo moved into a nearby monastery
with the intentions of becoming a monk, but he left the monastery when he was 15... Full-text essay
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The impact of the Heliocentric Theory Heliocentric: Relating to the sun as a
center; appearing as if seen from the sun's center.(Webster,447) The
heliocentric theory was first introduced to the world by a Polish astronomer
named Nicolaus Copernicus. Copernicus published his views on the heliocentric
theory in his book Commentariolus, in 1514, which sparked the time period now
known as the Copernic... Full-text essay
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A French astronomer, Pierre-Jules-César Janssen (1824-1907), first obtained
evidence for the existence of helium during the solar eclipse of 1868 in India
when he detected a new yellow line (587.49 nm) in the solar spectrum very close
to the yellow sodium D-line. It was not possible to produce this line in the
laboratory. Sir Norman Lockyer (1836-1920), an English astronomer, recognised
that no kn... Full-text essay
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Early in the history of the solar system, when space was cluttered with the
materials of its formation, the planets and their moons were heavily bombarded
by meteorites. Some of the members of the solar system (Mars, Mercury and our
moon, for example) still show the residuals of the primordial rain of iron and
stone. On our dynamic planet earth, erosion by weather, water and ice and the
conti... Full-text essay
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The International Space Station is the doorway to the future of mankind and the
world as it is known. The scientific and medical discoveries that will be made
on the station could create billions of dollars annually. A plan like this,
arranged to benefit the whole world economy, should sound like a good idea to
every person, but some believe that the ISS is too risky, too ineffective, or
too costl... Full-text essay
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Jupiter, the largest of the Jovian planets, reigns supreme throughout the solar
system. Named after the Roman god Jove, the ruler of Olympus; "Jupiter is
the fifth planet from the sun and is also the largest planet in the Earth's
solar system. It is 318 times moremassive than Earth and is two thirds of the
planetary mass in the solar system. Jupiter's surface, unlike earth, is gaseous
and not... Full-text essay
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Every year the Lamont – Doherty Earth Observatory holds an open house in which
scientists share their studies and really let the public see what and how they
do what they do. Scientists at this research center are working together
studying different fields of the Geologic sciences ranging from Oceanography,
Geochemistry, Seismology, and even Marine Biology share their findings with the
public. Thi... Full-text essay
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A momentous occasion has been bestowed upon us. The Mars Polar Lander will try
to reach its destination of Mars’ southern polar ice cap. The Lander was
presumed to touch down on Friday December 3, 1999. It was launched from Cape
Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17 on January 3, 1999 and
hopefully it has finally reached the surfaces of Mars. This mission is worth
$327.6 million tota... Full-text essay
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Mars is the fourth planet from the sun and orbits the sun at a distance of about
141 million mi. Mars is named for the Roman god of war because it appears fiery
red in the earth’s night sky. Mars is a small planet that has about half the
diameter of Earth and about one-tenth Earth’s mass. The force of gravity on
the surface of Mars is about one-third of that on Earth. Mars has twice the
diameter a... Full-text essay
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Imagine that while you’re on a peaceful Sunday afternoon stroll with your
family, a large dark gray ball comes out of nowhere, just missing the head of
your small child, shakes the earth, and produces a large crater in the ground a
few feet ahead of you. This ball wasn’t from the young boys playing baseball
across the street, and it wasn’t an acorn from the tree overhead. This ashen
ball was a met... Full-text essay
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The moon is the only natural satellite of Earth. The moon orbits the Earth from
384,400 km and has an average speed of 3700 km per hour. It has a diameter of
3476 km, which is about ¼ that of the Earth and has a mass of 7.35e22 kg. The
moon is the second brightest object in the sky after the sun. The gravitational
forces between the Earth and the moon cause some interesting effects; tides are
the ... Full-text essay
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The Moon is the only natural satellite of Earth: orbit: 384,400 km from Earth
diameter: 3476 km mass: 7.35e22 kg Called Luna by the Romans, Selene and Artemis
by the Greeks, and many other names in other mythologies. The Moon, of course,
has been known since prehistoric times. It is the second brightest object in the
sky after the Sun. As the Moon orbits around the Earth once per month, the angle
... Full-text essay
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On May 25, 1961, John F. Kennedy delivered one of the most memorable State of
the Union addresses in the history of the United States. “I believe that this
nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of
landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the earth” (http://www.cs.umb.edu/jfklibrary,
President John F. Kennedy's Special Message to the Congress on ... Full-text essay
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At first thought, studying the oceans from space seems to be a bizarre idea.
Space observation helps oceanographers do research with manned and unmanned
space systems. The space systems can be satellites and/or space shuttles that
observe various features of the ocean such as sea-surface winds, sea-surface
temperatures, waves, ocean currents, frontal regions, and sea color.
Technological advances ... Full-text essay
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"Down fell the red skin of the lion Into the river at his feet. His mighty
club no longer beat The forehead of the bull; but he Reeled as of yore beside
the sea, When blinded by Oenopion He sought the blacksmith at his forge, And
climbing up the narrow gorge, Fixed his blank eyes upon the sun." ~The
"Occultation of Orion" by Mr. Longfellow~ This poem was written about
the Greek... Full-text essay
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Ozone derives from the greek word ozein which means to smell. It was first
discovered in 1839 by Christian Friedrick Schonbein who noticed it because of
its distinctive acrid smell. He discovered this at the University of Basel in
Switzerland. Ozone is merely oxygen, but not the type we breath. Ozone, O3 has
three compounds while oxygen has only two. Ozone is reac- tive, meaning it does
not stay s... Full-text essay
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Some scientists have proclaimed that the human race is slowly depleting the
layer of ozone which protects us from ultra violet light. In reality, humans
have very little control of the world in which we live. Scientific evidence has
shown that there is very little depletion in the ozone layer and the
contributions the human race makes towards this depletion is and always will be
insignificant comp... Full-text essay
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A planet is a celestial body that revolves around a central star and does not
shine by its own light " (Grolier, 1992). The only planetary system that is
known to man is our solar system. It is made up of nine planets which range in
size and make-up. The nine major planets in our solar system are Mercury, Venus,
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. There are also many
othe... Full-text essay
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Saturn is the second largest planet and sixth from the sun. Saturn is most known
for its rings, first seen in 1610 by Italian scientist Galileo and identified as
rings by Dutch astronomer Christian Huygens in 1655. The rings consist greater
than 100,000 single ringlets. It is the most oblate planet because of the rapid
rotation of the planet, which flattens Saturn at the poles by about 10%. Its
co... Full-text essay
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Bertrand Russell wrote, “There are two possibilities. Maybe we are alone.
Maybe we are not. Both are equally frightening (Jakosky 1).” The question of
life in the universe is one that leaves many in a state of bewilderment. It
becomes even more interesting when it leads to another question – that of
intelligent life in the universe. Finding other intelligent civilizations among
the interstellar sp... Full-text essay
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Astronomer, Shen Kua was born in China in the year 1026. His family had an
unbroken tradition of being civil servants. Thus his father was a local
administrator of many posts from Szechwan in the west to the international port
of Amoy. At Sixteen years old Shen Kua left his home to travel with his father
from post to post. While traveling with his father, Shen Kua learned the
responsibiliti... Full-text essay
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About 47 percent of the energy that the sun releases to the earth actually
reaches the ground. About a third is reflected directly back into space by the
atmosphere. The time in which solar energy is available, is also the time we
least need it least - daytime. Because the sun's energy cannot be stored for use
another time, we need to convert the suns energy into an energy that can be
stored. One ... Full-text essay
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Ever since the dawn of time, the sun has been a resource we cannot live or do
without, so its not such a shock that man has come up with the idea of solar
energy. Solar energy had many uses. Some can be dangerous and some, a very
valuable asset to the modern world. Solar energy is energy derived from the sun
in a form of ultra-violet rays. Its was first applied to use in 212 B.C., by the
Greek gen... Full-text essay
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The earth is only one small planet in an extremely large system of planets,
satellites, asteroids, meteors and comets that revolve around the sun. This
system is referred to as the solar system. A planet is defined as a “celestial
body that revolves around a central star and does not shine by its own light
" (Grolier,1992). The only planetary system known to our civilization is
our solar syst... Full-text essay
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On May 25, 1961, John F. Kennedy delivered one of the most memorable State of
the Union addresses in the history of the United States. “I believe that this
nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of
landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the earth” (http://www.cs.umb.edu/jfklibrary,
President John F. Kennedy's Special Message to the Congress on ... Full-text essay
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Finally "the next logical Step"? If America plans to continue its
space exploration program, the question that must be asked next is: "Where
do we go from here?" America has made major strides in space exploration in
this century. We have built enormous rockets that can carry three men and their
supplies to the moon and back. We have mastered the physics that are involved in
sh... Full-text essay
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Tycho Brahe Tyge (Latinized as Tycho) Brahe was born on 14 December 1546 in
Skane, then in Denmark, now in Sweden. He was the eldest son of Otto Brahe and
Beatte Bille, both from families in the high nobility of Denmark. He was brought
up by his paternal uncle Jörgen Brahe and became his heir. He attended the
universities of Copenhagen and Leipzig, and then traveled through the German
region, stu... Full-text essay
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Not so much a theory of the universe as a simple picture of the planet we call
home, the flat-earth model proposed that Earth’s surface was level. Although
everyday experience makes this seem a reasonable assumption, direct observation
of nature shows the real world isn’t that simple. For instance, when a sailing
ship heads into port, the first part that becomes visible is the crow’s-nest,
followe... Full-text essay
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The two most common beliefs of the formation of the Universe and Solar System
are The Expanding Universe Theory and The Big Bang. There are some comparisons
between the two and some contrasts. Almost all astronomers believe that the
universe is expanding although they may have different theories on how this is
happening. The Expanding Universe Theory is based on the Doppler Effect, the
redshift of... Full-text essay